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Carotid Artery Disease

Carotid artery disease happens when the arteries in your neck, which send blood to your brain, get narrow or blocked. This can raise your risk of a stroke. It usually happens because of plaque buildup, which is made of fat, cholesterol and other substances.

 

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Caring for carotid artery disease

Your brain needs 2 things to work properly—blood and oxygen. The carotid arteries located on each side of your neck deliver both. When these arteries become narrow or blocked, it can lead to serious health problems including stroke.  

Carotid artery disease often develops without symptoms, but warning signs like dizziness, sudden numbness or a mini-stroke (TIA) could mean it's time to get checked. High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and high cholesterol can increase your risk, but early detection can make all the difference. Using a mix of lifestyle changes, medication and advanced procedures, we’ll help you protect your health, feel your best and move forward with confidence.

Cardiologist Omar Ali, MD, FACC in a heart and vascular surgery in Lowell General Hospital's Cath Lab talking to nurse while pointing to a large screen showing a heart scan.
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Conditions

Our health is shaped by the way our body’s systems work together. When one part of the system isn’t functioning properly, it can affect everything. Carotid artery disease is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to your brain become narrowed or blocked, putting you at risk for serious health issues like stroke. Understanding this condition is important, so you can take the right steps to protect your health and well-being. We treat the full range of carotid artery conditions, including:

Atherosclerotic plaque build-up
Carotid aneurysm
Carotid artery disease
Carotid artery occlusive disease
Carotid body tumors
Carotid dissection
Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid stenosis
Fibromuscular dysplasia
What are carotid artery disease risk factors?

Certain things can make you more likely to develop carotid artery disease. Some you can control, and others you inherit from your family. These factors may increase your risk:

  • Diabetes
  • Drinking too much alcohol
  • Family history of stroke
  • High blood pressure, high cholesterol or high triglycerides
  • Male gender or assigned male at birth
  • Older age
  • Smoking
  • Injury to your neck

Knowing these risks can help you take steps to protect your health.

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Testing

We use the latest cardiovascular imaging technology to get a clear picture of your arteries. We turn to the following tests to look for plaque buildup, reduced blood flow and other abnormalities, we may recommend the following tests:

  • Cardiac MRI: A detailed imaging test that uses strong magnets and radio waves to create pictures of your heart and blood vessels, helping detect abnormalities in your carotid arteries.
  • Carotid ultrasound: A non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the carotid arteries, allowing us to check for narrowing or plaque buildup without the need for dyes or radiation.
  • CT angiography: An X-ray-based test that uses contrast dye to create detailed images of blood vessels, helping us see blockages or narrowing in the carotid arteries.
  • CT scan: A non-invasive imaging test that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of your arteries, helping detect issues like plaque buildup or structural problems.
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Treatments

Treating carotid artery disease can sometimes be as simple as making a few changes to your lifestyle, like exercising more, eating a healthy diet and quitting smoking. We may also prescribe medication to help prevent blood clots or lower cholesterol.

In addition to these methods, our team of vascular surgeons is well-equipped to address your carotid artery condition. Whenever possible, we’ll use minimally invasive methods.

Carotid angioplasty with stenting

For milder cases of carotid artery disease, we may use a catheter-based procedure called carotid angioplasty with stenting. This method involves a small puncture in the groin, through which we insert a tiny mesh tube called a stent. The stent helps open the artery and pushes the plaque against the artery wall, allowing better blood flow.

Carotid endarterectomy

We may perform a carotid endarterectomy when a carotid artery blockage is significant. This surgical procedure involves removing plaque from the artery through an incision in the neck to improve blood flow to the brain.

Surgery for carotid body tumors

A carotid body tumor is a mass that grows in the blood vessels near the carotid arteries. We treat this condition with a vascular surgery called carotid body tumor resection. During the procedure, the surgeon carefully removes the tumor without clamping the arteries.

Bypass graft surgery

In more advanced cases, our vascular surgeons may need to replace the diseased segment of the carotid artery with a bypass graft. This involves using a section of another blood vessel from the body to create a new path for blood to flow around the blocked area.

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